More endometriosis cases being detected as awareness improves

With conversations around women’s health growing, doctors are witnessing a steady rise in the number of women seeking consultation for endometriosis — a chronic and often painful gynaecological condition that frequently goes undiagnosed for years.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), nearly 10 per cent of women and girls of reproductive age globally are affected by endometriosis, making it one of the most common yet misunderstood reproductive health disorders.

The apparent increase in cases is largely due to improved awareness and better diagnostic facilities — not a sudden spike in prevalence.

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, commonly affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes and other pelvic organs. This tissue reacts to hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, leading to inflammation, severe pain and sometimes infertility.

Better detection, earlier diagnosis

Medical experts attribute the rising detection rate to advanced imaging techniques such as high-resolution transvaginal ultrasound and MRI scans, which can identify deep infiltrating endometriosis and ovarian cysts that were earlier missed.

In the past, many women were told that painful periods were normal. Today, there is greater recognition that severe, life-disrupting menstrual pain needs medical

evaluation. Although diagnosis can still take several years from the onset of symptoms, the delay is gradually reducing.

Lifestyle trends may also play a role. Delayed child-bearing, reduced breastfeeding and increased exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals are being studied for their potential link to the disease. A strong genetic component has also been observed, with women having a family history facing a higher risk.

Symptoms often go ignored

Doctors caution that symptoms vary widely. While some women suffer debilitating pelvic pain, others may have mild symptoms or remain unaware of the condition until they experience difficulty in conceiving.

Common symptoms include severe menstrual cramps, heavy bleeding, chronic pelvic or back pain, pain during intercourse, bowel or urinary discomfort during periods and infertility.

Any pain that interferes with daily activities — work, school or social life — should not be ignored. Early medical consultation is crucial.

A progressive condition with no definitive cure

If left untreated, endometriosis can progress, leading to scarring, adhesions and blockage of fallopian tubes, potentially affecting fertility. While there is no definitive cure, treatments such as hormonal therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery can significantly improve the quality of life.

Lifestyle management plays a key role

Experts also recommend supportive lifestyle measures to help manage symptoms. An anti-inflammatory diet rich in fruits, vegetables and Omega-3 fatty acids, regular physical activity, stress management and limiting alcohol and caffeine intake may help regulate hormonal balance.

Doctors also advise women to choose safer menstrual products, including organic or reusable options, to minimise exposure to potential toxins.

Not just period pain: Tackling stigma and misinformation

Healthcare professionals stress that open discussion is the key to early diagnosis and better outcomes.

Endometriosis is not “just bad period pain”. It is a chronic condition that deserves timely attention and compassionate care. Women should not suffer in silence.

As awareness grows and stigma fades, experts hope that earlier detection and informed lifestyle choices will help millions of women manage this silent struggle more effectively.

— As told to Amritsar Tribune’s Pawan K Jaiswar