Dadasaheb Phalke: Revolutionising Indian cinema

Dadasaheb Phalke, whose 80th death anniversary falls today, single-handedly transformed the landscape of Indian entertainment. Born Dhundiraj Govind Phalke on April 30, 1870, at Trimbak, Maharashtra, he would go on to become the undisputed 'Father of Indian Cinema', a title that resonates with profound significance.

Phalke's journey was anything but conventional. A polymath of remarkable versatility, he traversed multiple creative disciplines before finding his true calling in filmmaking. Trained at Sir JJ School of Art in Bombay, he explored various pursuits — from photography and lithography to architecture, and even magic. His eclectic background would prove instrumental in his cinematic pioneering.

In 1913, Phalke achieved what would become his most defining moment — the creation of Raja Harishchandra, India's first full-length feature film. This groundbreaking work was more than just a cinematic milestone; it was a cultural revolution. Investing a substantial sum of Rs 15,000, Phalke took on multiple roles of producer, director, writer and cameraman. His wife and young son assisted in costume design and poster creation, making it a true family endeavour.

The film's public screening on May 3, 1913, at Coronation Cinema in Mumbai marked a watershed moment in Indian entertainment. Where previous filmmaking efforts had been limited to recording stage performances, Phalke introduced an indigenous narrative with unique cinematic techniques. He demonstrated extraordinary determination, overcoming significant challenges, including a complete lack of trained actors and technical expertise.

Throughout his remarkable career spanning nearly two decades, Phalke produced an astounding 95 feature films and 27 short films. His works predominantly explored mythological themes, including notable productions, such as Mohini Bhasmasur (1913), Satyavan Savitri (1914) and Shri Krishna Janma (1918). Each film was a testament to his artistic vision and deep cultural understanding.

Despite his immense contributions, Phalke's later years were marked by personal struggle. The rapidly commercialising film industry and changing audience tastes led to his retirement. His final film Gangavataram (1937) signalled the end of an extraordinary cinematic journey. He passed away on February 16, 1944, in Nashik, somewhat forgotten by the industry he had pioneered.

The government, recognising his unparalleled contribution, instituted the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 1969. This prestigious national honour, considered the highest recognition in Indian cinema, ensures that his legacy continues to inspire generations of filmmakers.

Phalke was more than a filmmaker; he was a visionary who recognised cinema's potential as a powerful medium of mass entertainment and education. He laid the foundations of an industry that would eventually become a global cultural phenomenon, transforming a nascent art form into a vibrant, self-sustaining ecosystem.

Phalke remains a towering figure —  a pioneer who transformed not just Indian cinema but the very cultural imagination of a nation emerging from colonial shadow.