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Mahatma Gandhi’s last fast: A stand for communal harmony

January 13
Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948). File Photo
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On January 13, 1948, Mahatma Gandhi embarked on what would become his final fast, a profound act of self-sacrifice aimed at fostering communal harmony amid the growing tension and violence in newly independent India. At 78 years of age, Gandhi’s health was fragile, but his resolve to restore peace and unity between Hindus, Muslims and other communities remained unwavering. This fast, held at Birla House in Delhi, exemplified his lifelong commitment to non-violence and unity.

India had gained Independence on August 15, 1947, but the celebrations were marred by the horrors of Partition. Communal riots erupted across the subcontinent, leaving millions dead or displaced. Delhi, the heart of the new nation, was no exception. Violence between Hindus and Muslims escalated, with both communities succumbing to hatred and fear. Refugees flooded the capital, further deepening mistrust and chaos.

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Gandhi had already toured riot-affected regions, including Bengal and Bihar, attempting to quell the violence with his presence and appeals for peace. Despite his efforts, tensions remained high. When it became clear that speeches and persuasion were insufficient to stop the bloodshed, Gandhi chose to fast, using his own life as a plea for peace.

Gandhi’s fast was not only a call to end the violence but also a demand for specific actions. He urged the people of Delhi to stop all communal violence. He insisted that the killings, looting and arson must cease immediately.

He demanded that Hindus protect Muslims in India, just as Muslims should safeguard Hindus in Pakistan. He also called for the restoration of abandoned properties and safe passage for refugees who wished to return home.

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Gandhi also advocated for the payment of Rs 55 crore to Pakistan, which was being withheld by the Indian government, believing it was unjust to deprive Pakistan of its rightful share.

The fast shook the conscience of the nation. Political leaders, including Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Patel, rallied to fulfil Gandhi’s demands. Communal leaders and citizens pledged to restore peace, driven by the fear of losing the “Father of the Nation”. On January 18, after assurances from various factions and an observable reduction in violence, Gandhi broke his fast with a sip of orange juice.

Gandhi’s final fast underscored his moral authority and his belief in the power of personal sacrifice to inspire change. Tragically, just 17 days later, on January 30, 1948, Gandhi was assassinated by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who opposed his inclusive vision.

Gandhi’s last fast remains a testament to his unwavering dedication to non-violence, tolerance and communal harmony. It is a poignant reminder of his belief that the moral and spiritual strength of a nation lies in its unity and compassion for all.

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