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MG Ramachandran: The visionary who shaped Tamil Nadu

(January 17, 1917-December 24, 1987)
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Illustration: Sandeep Joshi
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Maruthur Gopalan Ramachandran, widely known as MG Ramachandran or MGR, was a legendary actor, politician and philanthropist whose impact on Tamil Nadu's culture and politics is unparalleled.
Born on January 17, 1917, in Kandy, Sri Lanka, to a Tamil family, MGR faced a challenging childhood after the early demise of his father. His family relocated to Tamil Nadu, where financial struggles compelled him to drop out of school and pursue a career in acting to support his family.
MGR’s journey in the entertainment industry began with the Madurai Original Boys Company, a theatre troupe, where he honed his acting skills. His film debut came in 1936 with the movie ‘Sathi Leelavathi’. However, it was in the 1950s and 1960s that he emerged as a matinee idol, starring in a series of blockbuster films that portrayed him as a righteous, compassionate and heroic figure. Movies like ‘Nadodi Mannan’, ‘Enga Veetu Pillai’ and ‘Adimai Penn’ not only cemented his stardom but also reflected the ideals of justice and equality that he championed in real life.
MGR’s transition from cinema to politics was a natural progression, given his massive popularity among the masses. He joined the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) in 1953, attracted by its progressive ideologies and focus on Tamil identity. His charisma and oratory skills made him an invaluable asset to the party. However, ideological differences with DMK leader M Karunanidhi led to his expulsion in 1972, prompting MGR to establish the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). His new party rapidly gained a following, and MGR became the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in 1977, a position he held until his death in 1987.
As Chief Minister, MGR implemented a series of welfare-oriented policies that endeared him to the public, especially the poor and marginalised. His pioneering initiatives included the introduction of the mid-day meal scheme for schoolchildren, which significantly improved school enrolment and nutrition levels. He also focused on rural development, women’s empowerment and affordable housing. MGR’s governance style was marked by a deep empathy for the underprivileged and he often drew inspiration from his cinematic portrayals of a benevolent hero.
Despite his immense popularity, MGR faced criticism for alleged authoritarianism and for fostering a personality cult. Nevertheless, his contributions to Tamil Nadu’s socio-economic progress remain significant. His ability to connect with the masses, both as an actor and a politician, earned him unparalleled loyalty and affection.
MGR’s legacy continues to thrive in Tamil Nadu. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour in 1988, recognising his contributions to art and public service. His life story, marked by resilience, ambition and compassion remains a source of inspiration for millions.
MGR passed away on December 24, 1987, but his influence on Tamil Nadu’s cultural and political landscape lives on, making him an enduring icon of the state.
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