Vulture population declines in Himachal, govt takes steps to safeguard natural nesting sites
Falling population of vultures disrupts the natural cycle of waste decomposition, leading to an increase in feral dog population and a higher risk of spread of zoonotic diseases
An alarming decline in the population of vultures in Himachal Pradesh has emerged as a serious environmental concern, prompting the state government to initiate measures aimed at reviving these vital scavengers of the ecosystem.
Once a common sight in the hills and valleys of the state, vultures have witnessed a sharp decline over the past two decades. Environmental experts attribute the fall largely to the use of veterinary drugs such as diclofenac, habitat loss, food scarcity and increasing human interference. The disappearance of vultures has had far-reaching ecological consequences, particularly in rural areas where they played a critical role in disposing of animal carcasses swiftly and naturally.
Sanjeev Sharma, Divisional forest Officer, Palampur, says that the decline in the population of vultures disrupts the natural cycle of waste decomposition, leading to an increase in feral dog population and a higher risk of the spread of zoonotic diseases. In Himachal Pradesh, where livestock rearing forms an important part of the rural economy, the ecological services provided by vultures are invaluable.
“Recognising the gravity of the situation, the state government, in coordination with the wildlife authorities and conservation agencies, has initiated steps to protect and revive the vulture population. Efforts include identifying and safeguarding natural nesting sites, creating awareness among livestock owners about the harmful effects of certain veterinary drugs and promoting the use of vulture-safe alternatives.
Strict monitoring of banned drugs is also being emphasised to prevent their illegal use” he asserts.
Information gathered by The Tribune reveals that the Forest and Wildlife Department has reportedly intensified surveys to map the existing vulture habitats and assess population trends. There are also discussions on establishing conservation breeding centres and “vulture safe zones” in select districts to provide a protected environment for breeding and feeding. Community participation is being encouraged, with local panchayats and NGOs playing a supportive role in reporting nesting sites and preventing disturbances.
Dr RS Kistwaria, a wildlife expert and retired professor of the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HPAU, says that public awareness is key to reversing the decline. Educational campaigns highlighting the ecological importance of vultures are being planned in rural and semi-urban areas.
He says that vultures are not merely scavengers but a frontline defence against environmental contamination and disease outbreaks. “While the road to recovery may be long, the government’s proactive approach signals a renewed commitment to biodiversity conservation in the state. Protecting vultures is not just about saving a species; it is about preserving the ecological balance of Himachal Pradesh’s fragile mountain ecosystem,” he added.
