Daily Quiz-139
MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) based on Lenacapavir, PrEP and HIV, curated for UPSC Civil Services aspirants
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Q1. With reference to Lenacapavir, consider the following statements:
1. It acts by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme in HIV.
2. It is approved as a long-acting injectable treatment for multidrug-resistant HIV cases.
3. It targets the HIV-1 capsid protein which is essential for viral replication.
4. It has been discontinued in oral formulation due to low efficacy.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1, 2, and 4 only
D. 3 and 4 only
Q2. Which of the following best explains why Lenacapavir is being considered a game-changer in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV?
A. It is the first drug to eliminate HIV completely from latent reservoirs.
B. It allows once-a-week oral administration for long-term HIV suppression.
C. Its long-acting injectable form offers protection for up to 6 months, improving adherence.
D. It can be used alone without any need for combination therapy.
Q3. Consider the following about PrEP implementation in India:
1. PrEP has been universally implemented across all states through the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP).
2. The most commonly used PrEP combination in India is Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) Emtricitabine (FTC).
3. Injectable forms of PrEP have already been scaled up in public health systems.
4. NACO piloted PrEP programs in specific cities in 2021.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2 and 4 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. All of the above
Q4. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which PrEP medications prevent HIV infection?
A. By destroying the HIV virus in blood after exposure
B. By creating antibodies against the HIV virus
C. By inhibiting viral entry into the host nucleus after integration
D. By inhibiting the reverse transcription process, thus preventing viral replication in initial stages
Q5. Which of the following are challenges in scaling up the use of long-acting PrEP like Lenacapavir in low- and middle-income countries like India?
1. Cold-chain storage and delivery logistics
2. Regulatory delays and clinical trial requirements
3. High cost and patent restrictions
4. Stigma associated with HIV prevention services
A. 1, 2 and 3 only
B. 2, 3 and 4 only
C. All of the above
D. 1 and 4 only
Answers Quiz 138
ANSWERS:
1. C
Explanation: Fordow is an underground enrichment site dug into a mountain, making it more resilient to bunker-buster and conventional airstrikes than above-ground or shallow underground facilities like Natanz. There’s no public information about Russian S-400 being deployed there.
2. B
Explanation:
• Natanz (2) is Iran’s largest commercial enrichment plant.
• Fordow (4) enriches uranium up to 60% and is heavily fortified.
• Isfahan (1) supports the programme with uranium conversion and uranium metal capability.
• Bushehr (3) is a civilian plant with Russian-supplied fuel under IAEA safeguards.
3. A
Explanation:
• Isfahan does uranium conversion and metal work
• Bushehr is a civilian power reactor using Russian fuel; it does not extract plutonium
• Khondab (Arak) is a heavy-water reactor, proliferation-sensitive
• PFEP (Pilot Fuel Enrichment Plant) at Natanz enriches uranium to 60%
4. B
Explanation: Barack Obama, upon revealing Fordow’s existence in 2009, stated that its size and configuration were inconsistent with a peaceful nuclear energy programme, which prompted restrictions under the JCPOA.
5. C
Explanation: The U.S. under President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew from the JCPOA in 2018, citing concerns over its effectiveness, which led Iran to gradually abandon its commitments under the deal.
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