Info Nugget

 Why is lightning always in a zig-zag path?

Lightning takes a zig-zag (or jagged) path because of how it travels through the atmosphere.

Scientific explanation

Air is an insulator, but during a storm, the electrical charge in the clouds becomes very strong.

When the voltage is high enough, a “step leader” of electrons forms, moving toward the ground in short, jerky steps.

It follows the path of least resistance, which constantly changes due to air density, moisture, dust and other particles.

This makes the lightning branch out in a random, zig-zag pattern as it tries to reach the ground.

Why does lightning happen?

Lightning is caused by the build-up of electric charges in storm clouds.

How it forms

1. Cloud movement: In a thunderstorm, strong winds move water droplets and ice crystals up and down inside clouds.
2. Charge separation: This movement causes electrons (negative charge) to gather at the bottom of the cloud and positive charges to build up at the top.
3. Ground reaction: The ground beneath the cloud becomes positively charged in response.
4. Discharge: When the difference in charge becomes too large, the electricity discharges in the form of lightning—either between clouds, within a cloud, or from the cloud to the ground.

How is lightning beneficial to humans or the environment?

Lightning may seem dangerous, but it also has some natural benefits:

1. Creates nitrogen compounds

• The intense heat of lightning breaks nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the air
• They combine to form nitrates, which are essential for plant growth
• These compounds are absorbed by rain and fall to the ground, fertilizing soil naturally

2. Balances atmospheric electricity

• Helps maintain the Earth's electromagnetic balance.

3. Forests and ecosystems

• Some natural fires caused by lightning help clear old vegetation and allow new growth, maintaining ecological balance.

How is lightning dangerous for humans?

Lightning can be very harmful if it strikes people, animals, or property.

Risks include

• Human injuries or death from direct strikes
• Fires in homes, forests, or buildings
• Damage to electronics and power lines
• Explosions or burns in petrol stations or near flammable substances

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