Info Nuggets
Face the facts: Melasma, causes & cures
Melasma. Types of chloasma faciei. Cross section of human skin with Hyperpigmentation. Dermal and Epidermal melasma.
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Melasma
Definition:
Melasma is a common skin condition characterised by brown or gray-brown patches of pigmentation, primarily on the face. It is more common in women and people with darker skin tones.
Symptoms of Melasma: Irregular, flat, brown or gray-brown patches
Most commonly seen on: Cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, upper lip, chin
Less commonly seen on neck or forearms (especially with sun exposure)
Factors leading to Melasma
1. Hormonal changes
- Pregnancy (known as chloasma or “mask of pregnanc”)
- Birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy
2. Sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays trigger melanin production, worsening the condition
3. Genetic predisposition: Family history increases risk
4. Cosmetics & skin irritants: Some skin products can irritate and worsen pigmentation
5. Thyroid disorders: May be associated with hormonal imbalance
Treatment/cure
Melasma may fade over time, especially after pregnancy or stopping hormonal medications, but persistent cases require treatment.
Topical treatments
- Hydroquinone (skin-lightening agent)
- Tretinoin and corticosteroids
- Triple combination creams (Hydroquinone Tretinoin Corticosteroids)
Other treatments
- Chemical peels
- Microdermabrasion
- Laser therapy (used cautiously to avoid rebound pigmentation)
Precautions & preventive measures
Sun protection
- Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) daily
- Wear hats and sunglasses
Avoid triggers
- Limit sun exposure
- Avoid harsh skin treatments
- Use gentle skincare products
Monitor hormonal medications: Consult dermatologist before using contraceptive pills or hormone therapy
Important points (for revision)
Melasma = Acquired hyperpigmentation
Triggered by sun, hormones, genetics
Common on face, especially cheeks and forehead
Treated with topicals, peels, lasers
Prevent with sunscreen, shade, avoiding irritants
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