HMPV: Stress on greater public awareness

Dr Surender Kashyap, Vice Chancellor of Atal Medical Research University, Nerchowk, Mandi, has highlighted the increasing public health threat posed by Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV). First identified in the Netherlands in 2001, HMPV is a respiratory virus that causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections, with young children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals at heightened risk.

Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, HMPV has two major genetic lineages, A and B, with subtypes A1, A2, B1, and B2. Common symptoms include cough, fever, nasal congestion, shortness of breath, bronchitis and pneumonia. The virus spreads primarily via respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing, as well as through contact with contaminated surfaces or direct interaction with infected individuals. Its incubation period ranges from 3 to 6 days, and the virus is most active in late winter and spring in temperate climates.

Dr Kashyap emphasised the importance of preventive measures to curb the virus’s spread. These include regular hand washing, avoiding touching the face with unwashed hands, maintaining distance from symptomatic individuals, and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces. Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV; management relies on supportive care such as hydration, rest, and over-the-counter medications. Severe cases may require oxygen therapy.

Healthcare facilities are urged to adopt strict infection control measures, including isolation protocols, to protect vulnerable populations. Surveillance data show a rise in HMPV cases worldwide, with China reporting significant increases among children under five and India experiencing seasonal spikes during winter. Organizations like the World Health Organisation (WHO) and India’s National Center for Disease Control (NCDC) are monitoring trends in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) and Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI), with HMPV contributing to the seasonal surge.

Dr Kashyap stressed the need for enhanced diagnostic testing during outbreaks and greater public awareness to mitigate the virus’s impact. Strengthened hygiene practices and timely medical attention can help manage the spread.

“HMPV may not yet be as widely recognised as influenza or RSV, but the rising cases demand attention from healthcare systems and communities alike. With informed action, its spread can be controlled,” he concluded. Public health authorities call for vigilance and adherence to preventive measures while emphasising the importance of remaining calm in the face of this emerging threat.