Kangra’s hill architecture fading away amid modernisation

Kangra, one of Himachal Pradesh’s most historically rich regions, is home to some of India’s finest and oldest examples of hill architecture. However, these structures are rapidly vanishing as modern materials replace traditional slate roofs. Concerned art lovers in the valley are urging authorities to declare these rural buildings as “threatened heritage” to protect what remains of this unique architectural legacy.

In the past, slate roofing was a hallmark of Kangra valley, made affordable by skilled local carpenters and the availability of materials. However, the high cost of installation and maintenance has led to its decline. Slate roofs require skilled labour, specialised equipment, and a time-intensive installation process. Consequently, villagers now prefer modern roofing materials that are easier and cheaper to install.

The maintenance of traditional houses is another major challenge. Most villagers can no longer afford the high costs, and the number of traditional carpenters capable of repairing these structures has dwindled. Many old wooden houses with slate roofs are being replaced by concrete buildings, as villagers find them more practical.

The decline of Kangra’s architectural heritage is also linked to the depletion of local forests and strict forest laws in Himachal Pradesh. Previously, timber was readily available near villages, but now obtaining wooden beams and planks is costly and requires government approval. Additionally, quarrying and transporting slate for roofing, once common, has been restricted by the government.

“It is easy for outsiders to say we should preserve our traditional homes,” says Deepak Sood, a resident of Pragpur. “Building a concrete house takes only a few months, but constructing a traditional house could take years. First, I would have to get permission from the Forest Department for timber, which is a long and tedious process. Then, I would need a skilled carpenter who works at his own slow pace. Finding slate stones for the roof is another challenge. In contrast, sand, bricks, and steel for concrete houses are available with a single phone call.”

With these challenges, traditional architecture in Kangra is rapidly vanishing. Unless authorities take immediate steps to protect and restore these heritage structures, the valley’s unique architectural identity may soon be lost forever.