Oral cancer no longer limited to high-risk groups: Dental surgeon

Oral cancer remains one of the most significant public health challenges in India, with a disturbing rise in cases—particularly among younger populations.

The increasing incidence of the disease has raised alarm bells within the medical community. To explore this growing concern and the pivotal role of dental surgeons in early diagnosis and prevention, the special report presents insights from Dr Pankaj Shiv, a highly skilled and accredited dental surgeon with over 25 years of clinical experience. Dr Shiv honed his expertise in Implant Dentistry under a renowned expert at PGI, Chandigarh.

According to Dr Shiv, oral cancer is no longer confined to individuals with traditional high-risk habits such as tobacco or alcohol use. “Due to shifting lifestyles, stress, poor nutrition, and a lack of awareness about oral health, we are now seeing younger patients with precancerous conditions. This is alarming,” he says. Tobacco consumption—both smoked and smokeless—remains the primary cause of oral cancer, followed by alcohol use, areca nut chewing, gutkh and pan masala, which have become prevalent among youth and middle-aged adults. Other contributing factors include chronic irritation from broken teeth, poor oral hygiene, HPV infection and even prolonged sun exposure, especially among outdoor workers.

One of the major hurdles in oral cancer treatment, Dr Shiv explains, is the tendency of patients to delay seeking medical attention. Many approach specialists only in the advanced stages of the disease, when treatment options become limited. “The tragedy is that oral cancer is visible and detectable in its early stages—but people ignore the signs,” he notes.

Dr Shiv advises that certain symptoms in the mouth should never be ignored. Ulcers that fail to heal within two weeks, white or red patches on the inner cheeks, gums, or tongue, persistent swelling, unexplained lumps, thickened tissues, difficulty in chewing or swallowing, changes in speech, and repeated bleeding or numbness are all warning signs that warrant immediate attention. “Any of these signs are not to be taken lightly. Early diagnosis can save a life,” he asserts.

Dental surgeons play a critical role in the early detection of oral cancer, often being the first to notice suspicious lesions during routine dental exams. Dr Shiv believes that every dental visit should include an oral cancer screening, particularly for high-risk patients. “We have the tools and training. What we need is public cooperation through regular check-ups,” he says. Advanced diagnostic techniques, including toluidine blue staining, brush biopsies, and timely referrals for tissue biopsy, significantly improve the chances of early intervention.

Preventive dentistry also plays a crucial role in addressing oral cancer. Dr Shiv highlights the importance of educating patients about the harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and areca nut consumption. He stresses that lifestyle modification is the most effective weapon against oral cancer. Educating the public about early symptoms, promoting good oral hygiene, and encouraging a balanced diet can all help prevent the development of precancerous conditions. “Regular dental check-ups, especially for individuals with high-risk habits, can dramatically reduce the burden of disease,” he adds.

Dr Shiv is actively involved in community healthcare, having participated in numerous awareness and screening camps in rural and semi-urban areas. Villages, schools, colleges, and labour communities often remain unaware of the early signs of oral cancer, making such outreach efforts critical. “Villages, schools and rural areas need focused attention. Early referrals from these areas can significantly reduce late-stage cancer cases,” he explains. Collaborations with NGOs, government bodies, and social organisations help amplify the message and ensure timely referrals for further evaluation.

In conclusion, Dr Shiv emphasises that oral cancer is largely preventable and highly curable when detected early.

With rising cases and an increasing number of younger individuals at risk, he stresses that community awareness and routine dental screenings must become part of mainstream healthcare practices. “Oral cancer is largely preventable. With awareness, regular screenings and timely intervention, we can reduce its burden on society. Every individual must take responsibility for their oral health,” he concludes.