‘Breast cancer is treatable, early detection saves lives’

DR Harish Matta, a general and onco-surgeon, talks to Manav Mander about breast cancer, one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers among women worldwide. He sheds light on the nature of the disease, its risk factors and the evolving treatment options available. While the impacts of the disease can be devastating, advancements in diagnosis and treatment are offering new hope.

n What exactly is breast cancer and how does it develop?

Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast begin to grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumour. It’s a complex disease with several types, each requiring a different approach. The most common types include invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). We also see more aggressive forms like triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancers.

n What are major risk factors associated with breast cancer?

Genetics play a significant role—mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes increase the risk. Age is another factor, though we’re now seeing more cases in younger women. Hormonal exposure, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and poor diet also contribute. It’s important to note that not all cases are linked to family history.

n What symptoms should women be aware of?

Common symptoms include a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm, changes in breast shape or size, nipple discharge and sometimes pain. Early detection is key, so regular self-exams and screenings like mammography and ultrasound are crucial.

n How is breast cancer typically diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves imaging—mammography and ultrasound—and confirmation through biopsy. These help us determine the type and stage of cancer, which guides treatment.

n What treatment options are available today?

Treatment depends on the type and stage. It may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormone therapy and targeted therapy. We now offer breast-conserving surgeries where only the lump and affected lymph nodes are removed, preserving the breast.

n What recent advancements have improved outcomes?

One major advancement is sentinel lymph node biopsy using the SPY PHI camera—available at our centre, the first in the region. It helps us assess lymph node involvement during surgery, sparing patients from unnecessary axillary dissection, which can cause long-term complications. Personalised medicine and immunotherapy are also transforming outcomes.

n Are there any common myths or misconceptions about breast cancer?

Yes, many. One is that only older women get breast cancer—this is no longer true. Another is that a painless lump isn’t serious. In fact, many cancerous lumps are painless. Also, not all breast cancers require mastectomy; breast-conserving options are available.

n What kind of support is needed after treatment?

Post-treatment care is crucial. Patients need regular follow-ups, emotional support and rehabilitation. Psychological counselling, physiotherapy and nutritional guidance, all play a role in recovery. Family support makes a huge difference.

n What message would you like to give to readers?

Breast cancer is treatable, especially when detected early. Awareness, timely screening and access to modern treatment can save lives. Women must prioritise their health and seek medical advice without delay.