Polycystic ovary syndrome: A silent struggle for women

Every September, the PCOS Awareness Month brings global attention to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a hormonal disorder that affects nearly one in five women and girls of reproductive age. Despite its prevalence, the PCOS remains underdiagnosed and often misunderstood, leaving many to silently battle its physical and emotional toll.

The PCOS leads to enlarged ovaries with small cysts, causing irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels and various symptoms like acne, weight gain and hair growth. Globally, it affects 10-13% of women, but in India, around 54% of women of reproductive age experience mild to severe symptoms of the PCOS. It is marked by three main features: irregular or absent menstrual cycles, elevated levels of male hormones (androgens) and polycystic ovaries — where multiple fluid-filled sacs surround the eggs. These symptoms can lead to reduced fertility, acne, excessive hair growth and weight gain.

What Is PCOS?

It is a chronic endocrine and metabolic disorder with irregular or absent periods and high levels of male hormones (testosterone), polycystic ovaries with multiple follicles. “The PCOS is not just a reproductive issue — it’s a metabolic condition,” says Dr Isha, assistant professor, Department of Endocrinology at Dayanand Medical College and Hospital.

“It increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mental health challenges like anxiety and depression. Early diagnosis and lifestyle changes are crucial,” adds Dr Isha.

“Being overweight can worsen the PCOS symptoms, especially insulin resistance and abnormal cholesterol levels. Many women also report feeling isolated due to the visible effects of the condition,” she adds.

Priya Sharma, 28, who was diagnosed with PCOS five years ago, shares, “My skin has made me sad many nights. But I remind myself that this is not me — my body is just asking for help.”

The emotional burden is often overlooked. “The PCOS does not define you,” says nutritionist Mehak Chawla, who works with PCOS patients. “It’s simply a part of your story, not the entire story.”

Medical experts advocate the importance of awareness campaigns to break the stigma and push for better healthcare access. “You don’t need to have cysts to be diagnosed with PCOS,” adds gynaecologist, Dr Simran. “That’s a common myth. What we need is more education — for both public and healthcare providers.”

While there is no cure for PCOS, symptoms can be managed through diet, exercise, medication and emotional support. “Having PCOS makes you stronger, resilient and powerful,” adds Dr Simran.

As the PCOS Awareness Month unfolds, the message is clear: Listen to your body, seek support and know that you’re not alone.