‘Precaution is best protection’

DR Arashdeep Singh Virk, medical officer at Machhiwara, talks to Lovleen Bains about health concerns arising from the seasonal weather shift in the state and precautions one should take.

How has the seasonal transition impacted public health?

Change from humid weather to cool, dry conditions in the state have increased the risk of several health problems. Fluctuating temperature has made people more prone to viral infections like sore throat, fever and influenza, especially among children and the elderly. Cases of dengue and chikungunya are on the rise. Stubble burning and post-flood effects have also compounded the probability of respiratory and infectious diseases. Additionally, water contamination after the monsoon has triggered outbreaks of diarrhoea, jaundice and typhoid.

How is air pollution due to crop residual management techniques affecting people?

There is a significant surge in patients complaining of respiratory ailments. Air pollution has exacerbated conditions like asthma, bronchitis, coughing, irritation and breathlessness, especially in elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. Long term exposure, in some cases, is leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer and other serious health issues.

What are the most common symptoms patients have these days?

I come across a lot of patients who complain about shortness of breath, cough, wheezing etc. Patients with high fever, severe headache, joint pain, muscle discomfort and rashes on the body are more frequent this month. The ones with gastrointestinal problems, too, are rising.

What should one do in case the above symptoms figure?

The best advice is to consult a doctor before taking any medication. Keeping track of the symptoms and seeking medical attention, especially in case of high fever, joint pain, swelling or stiffness is mandatory.

How can patients differentiate between common cold and influenza?

Influenza typically comes on suddenly with high fever body aches and fatigue, while a common cold is usually milder with symptoms developing gradually.

Which group of people are most vulnerable to illness during the seasonal transition?

Schoolkids are likely to be infected due to close contact and developing immunity. Elderly people, who are sensitive to cold and pollution, too, are more prone to fall ill. Those with chronic diseases such as asthma, diabetes or heart problems are at a higher risk of infections and exposure. Pregnant women and people with weakened immunity may fall prey to the conditions.

 What precautions can people take to minimise the risks?

Precaution is the best protection in any case. One should limit outdoor activity during the peak hours of pollution. Wearing a mask can prevent exposure to pollutants. Air purifiers can help keep pollution at bay. Keeping warm during cool mornings and evenings, especially the kids and the elderly, can go a long way in keeping them protected. To combat water contamination, one should boil or use filtered water. Frequent hand-washing and proper disposal of waste can help prevent the spread of disease. Water intake should be increased to flush out toxins from the body. If symptoms worsen, one should seek medical assistance without delay.