Protecting self from seasonal flu, pneumonia in winter

As North India transitions to colder months, respiratory illnesses like flu and pneumonia surge dramatically. To understand how best to protect oneself, Manav Mander spoke to Dr Kashish Dutta, a consultant pulmonologist, in this regard.

Why does November mark a spike in respiratory illnesses like flu and pneumonia?

November brings a perfect storm — falling temperatures, rising pollution, and active viral circulation. These factors weaken respiratory defences, especially in vulnerable groups. We see a sharp rise in hospital and ICU admissions due to flu-related pneumonia and other complications.

What role do vaccines play in prevention?

Vaccination is the most effective tool we have. Pneumococcal vaccines — PCV13, PCV20, and PPSV23 — protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major cause of bacterial pneumonia. These are especially recommended for adults over 60 and those with chronic conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), diabetes, heart disease, or compromised immunity.

What about the flu vaccine, who should get it and when?

Everyone should get the flu jab annually, ideally before the peak season.Both trivalent and quadrivalent versions are available in India. Older adults, people with lung or heart conditions, pregnant women, and healthcare workers must get . It helps prevent flu-related pneumonia and reduces hospitalisation.

Are there other vaccines adults should consider this season?

Absolutely. The Covid-19 booster remains important, especially for those with comorbidities. Tdap protects against pertussis, which can mimic flu symptoms. Hib is crucial for high-risk groups, MMR for those without immunity, and the Zoster vaccine helps prevent shingles, which can flare up during immune stress.

Besides vaccination, what lifestyle measures can help?

Respiratory hygiene is key. Wear masks in crowded places, cover coughs and sneezes, and wash hands frequently. Eat nutritious food, stay hydrated, and avoid exposure to smoke and pollution. Prevention through vaccination is far more powerful than cure.

What symptoms should prompt immediate medical attention?

Persistent cough, high fever, breathlessness, chest pain, or confusion — especially in elderly or chronically ill patients — should not be ignored. Timely consultation can prevent complications and reduce the risk of hospitalisation.

n Is there a common misconception about flu and pneumonia you’d like to address?

Many people think flu is just a seasonal nuisance, but it can lead to serious complications like pneumonia, especially in older adults. Similarly, pneumonia isn’t just a disease of the elderly, it can affect anyone with weakened immunity. Vaccines are not just for children, adults need them too.

Any final message for the public?

As we enter this vulnerable season, remember: vaccination is not just protection — it’s prevention. Combine it with healthy habits and timely medical advice to ensure a safer winter for yourself and your loved ones.

wuw