State youth not keen to take up traditional occupations: Punjabi University study

A study conducted by the Department of Punjabi of Punjabi University has shed light on the shifting dynamics of traditional occupations in Punjab and their far-reaching consequences.

The research, titled “A Cultural Study of Transformation of Folk Occupations of Punjab”, presents an intriguing perspective on how growing disenchantment of youngsters with the traditional trades – as they consider it socially demeaning -- is leading to a rise of unskilled labour and driving young Punjabis to seek opportunities abroad.

The study, led by researcher Gurjant Singh under the guidance of Prof Jagtar Singh Joga, delved into the lives of artisans engaged in traditional occupations such as agriculture, carpentry, blacksmithing, pottery, goldsmithing, shoemaking, weaving and tailoring.

Through interactions with 100 artisans, interviews with 66 professionals from specific trades, and an extensive review of 135 books reflecting on literary, folk and cultural sources of Punjab, the research uncovers a concerning trend that younger generations are reluctant to inherit their parents’ trades, viewing them as “socially demeaning”.

“The children of artisans are more inclined to work as auto-rickshaw drivers or security guards, seeing these roles as offering more societal respect,” said Gurjant Singh, adding, “Those with landholdings often take loans or sell their land to send their children abroad, seeking better economic prospects."

The study attributes the decline of traditional occupations to several factors, including increasing mechanisation, poor marketing, and insufficient government support. Mechanisation, while advanced tools and techniques, has disrupted the cultural fabric, reducing interdependence among trades.

“Technological advancements have altered the tools used in these professions and reshaped the cultural identity of Punjab,” explained Singh. “Everyday objects, lifestyles, and cultural expressions have evolved, leading to a decline in cultural bonding.”

Another significant finding is that some traditional trades have been transferred to migrant labourers. “Like agriculture, shoemaking and other such occupation, we are completely dependent on migrants,” said Gurjant Singh.

For instance, in Hadiana village, Singh observed, a potter’s broken wheel—a poignant symbol of fading tradition. The potter’s son had chosen to work as a security guard rather than continue his family’s craft.

In contrast, Singh noted that traditional pottery is gaining traction in metropolitan cities, where artisans are reaping financial rewards. This urban revival of traditional crafts highlights the enduring cultural value of these trades.

Despite their decline, traditional occupations remain a cornerstone of Punjab’s cultural heritage. The study highlights their eco-friendly methods and human-centric approach, which contrast sharply with the capital-driven nature of modern industries.

Dr Jagtar Singh, head of the Department of Punjabi, stressed the need to preserve Punjab’s traditional skills and cultural legacy. “If Europeans can restore their traditional crafts, why can’t we?” he asked.