Field Marshal Cariappa: Indian Army’s first Commander-in-Chief
Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa, affectionately known as KM Cariappa, was a trailblazing leader and a symbol of dedication and discipline.
Born on January 28, 1899, in Shanivarsanthe, Kodagu (Coorg), Karnataka, he played a pivotal role in shaping the modern Indian Army and became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces.
Cariappa was born into a Kodava family known for its military traditions. His early education was at Central High School in Madikeri, and he later attended Presidency College in Madras (now Chennai). Inspired by stories of valour from World War I, Cariappa decided to pursue a career in the military. In 1919, he was among the first Indians selected for training at the Royal Military Academy in Sandhurst, England, and was commissioned into the British Indian Army in 1920.
Cariappa began his career with the 2/88 Carnatic Infantry, later renamed the 1/7 Rajput Regiment. Over the years, he rose through the ranks, gaining extensive experience in diverse military operations. During World War II, he served in various theatres, including the Middle-East and Burma (Myanmar). His leadership and tactical skills were widely acknowledged, earning him several promotions.
In 1947, during the Partition of India, Cariappa was tasked with overseeing the division of the Indian Army between India and Pakistan. This was a challenging period, marked by communal tensions and logistical complexities. Despite these challenges, he ensured a smooth transition with minimal disruption.
On January 15, 1949, Cariappa made history by becoming the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army, succeeding General Roy Bucher. His appointment marked the end of the British control over the Indian military and symbolised India's Independence and sovereignty.
As Commander-in-Chief, Cariappa emphasised discipline, modernisation and self-reliance in the armed forces. He was instrumental in fostering unity and integration within the Army, which was critical in the aftermath of Partition. He also played a key role during the first Indo-Pak war (1947–1948), ensuring the successful defence of Jammu and Kashmir.
After retiring in 1953, Cariappa continued to serve the nation in various capacities. He was appointed the High Commissioner to Australia and New Zealand, where he strengthened India's diplomatic ties.
In 1986, recognising his outstanding contributions, the Indian government conferred on him the rank of Field Marshal, the highest rank in the Army. He became only the second Indian to receive this honour, after Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw.
Field Marshal Cariappa was known for his integrity, simplicity and commitment to the nation. He always emphasised the apolitical nature of the armed forces and upheld the highest standards of professionalism.
He passed away on May 15, 1993, in Bengaluru, leaving behind a legacy of exemplary leadership and patriotism. January 15, the day he became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief, is celebrated as Army Day in India, honouring his contributions to the nation.
Field Marshal Cariappa’s life remains an enduring inspiration, symbolising courage, discipline and dedication to duty.
