Rising pollution triggers spike in respiratory diseases across Capital

As winter sets in, Delhi is once again grappling with its annual air pollution crisis, with hospitals reporting a surge in patients suffering from aggravated respiratory problems. Doctors say the worsening air quality has triggered flare-ups among people already living with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung-related illnesses.

“There is an aggravation of symptoms in patients already having respiratory diseases like bronchial asthma and COPD,” said Dr Raj Kumar, director at the Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute (VPCI).

He explained that while new respiratory cases have not risen significantly so far, existing patients are experiencing more frequent and severe symptoms, including persistent coughing, wheezing and breathlessness. “The combination of pollution, pollen and seasonal cold is making it difficult for many to breathe easily,” Dr Kumar said.

According to a Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) report, the Air Quality Index (AQI) in Delhi remains in the ‘very poor’ category across several areas. Experts warn that prolonged exposure to such polluted air can aggravate chronic respiratory and cardiovascular conditions.

“People with pre-existing respiratory issues should take their medication properly and report to their doctors if symptoms increase,” Dr Kumar advised. He added that vulnerable groups should avoid stepping out early in the morning or late in the evening—when pollution levels are typically highest—and wear masks outdoors.

While N95 masks are primarily designed for protection against viruses, Dr Kumar noted that “any well-fitted mask can help limit exposure to particulate matter.” He also recommended maintaining good nutrition, staying hydrated and practising breathing exercises such as pranayama to strengthen lung capacity.

Typical symptoms triggered by high pollution levels include cough, breathlessness and irritation of the eyes and throat. However, doctors caution that it is often difficult to distinguish whether these symptoms stem from air pollution or the seasonal onset of winter.

“People must be proactive about their health this season,” said Dr Kumar. “Pollution is something we cannot avoid completely, but timely medication, masks and simple lifestyle precautions can go a long way in protecting our lungs.”