Smog triggers over 60% surge in eye problems: Docs

As Delhi’s air quality remains in the “very poor” category, eye specialists across the city reported a 60 per cent increase in patients with eye-related problems. On Thursday, Delhi’s average Air Quality Index (AQI) stood at 373, according to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Areas such as Sonia Vihar and Bawana recorded AQI levels above 400.

Doctors said the rise in particulate matter and toxic gases in the air was leading to a surge in cases of eye dryness, irritation, burning and excessive watering. Both adults and children have been affected, with many seeking treatment for discomfort caused by prolonged exposure to smog.

Dr Rajesh Sinha, Professor of Ophthalmology at Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), said, “In the last few days, the number of patients suffering from dryness, burning and watery eyes has increased by around 50 per cent. Many complain that their eyes feel gritty or heavy. Even healthy individuals are experiencing irritation due to poor air quality.”

He added, “Tiny particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) suspended in the air can settle on the surface of the eyes, damaging the tear film and causing inflammation. If preventive measures are ignored, the irritation can lead to infections or temporary blurring of vision. For those already prone to allergies or dry eye disease, the risk is higher,” he added.

According to experts, the eyes are among the first organs to be affected when pollution levels rise. Pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon particles react with the moisture in the eyes, leading to irritation and inflammation.

Dr Harbansh Lal, Chairman and Head at Delhi Eye Centre, said, “Every year after Diwali, we see a rise in eye complaints. The number of patients reporting itching, redness, and irritation has gone up by about 50-60 per cent. We are seeing patients with eye allergies, and those who already have dry eyes are facing more discomfort. The combination of pollution, dust and chemical exposure is affecting the ocular surface.”

He added that the eyes depended on a stable tear film for comfort and clear vision, and pollution disturbs this balance. Even short exposure to smog can make eyes sting or water.

“People should avoid contact lenses and heavy eye makeup during high-pollution days. Using lubricating eye drops, wearing protective glasses, and washing eyes with clean water can reduce the impact,” he said.

Doctors advise against rubbing the eyes, as it can aggravate irritation. They also recommend using air purifiers indoors.

Dr Sinha said, “Repeated exposure to high pollution levels can lead to chronic inflammation and damage to the ocular surface, affecting both comfort and long-term vision. Protecting your eyes is as important as protecting your lungs during this season.”

Children’s eyes are more sensitive, and their outdoor exposure increases the risk of allergic conjunctivitis and infections. Older adults often experience reduced tear production, making their eyes more prone to dryness and irritation. Doctors advise elderly people to stay indoors during peak pollution hours and ensure regular eye lubrication.