HMPV in India

The detection of three Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) cases — two in Bengaluru and one in Gujarat — has raised awareness about this respiratory virus, which was first identified in 2001. Though not new, HMPV poses significant health challenges, particularly for infants, the elderly and those with compromised immunity. All three Indian cases involve infants and no travel history. This underscores the fact that the virus is already in local circulation. Globally, HMPV is recognised as a key cause of acute respiratory illnesses, especially during winter and early spring. Symptoms often mimic the common cold but can escalate to severe conditions like pneumonia. Despite its prevalence, HMPV lacks vaccines or antiviral treatments, making supportive care and preventive measures essential.

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India has ramped up surveillance through the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP). Laboratories are now better equipped to test for HMPV. As seen during the Covid-19 pandemic, these measures are crucial for monitoring trends and ensuring timely responses. However, challenges remain. Inexpensive, accessible diagnostic tests are still unavailable, limiting early detection in vulnerable populations. Lessons from the pandemic highlight the importance of proactive healthcare strategies. Strengthening isolation protocols, ensuring the availability of medicines and enhancing public awareness about hygiene can mitigate the spread. Addressing sanitation and clean air are equally vital in reducing respiratory infections.

India’s cautious response to HMPV reflects a commitment to preventing escalation, without spreading panic. Still, broader measures are required. They include investment in healthcare infrastructure and the establishment of a regulatory framework for rapid diagnostic approvals. Citizens can also play a role: by adhering to hygiene practices, seeking timely medical attention and staying informed. HMPV serves as a reminder of the ongoing battle against respiratory illnesses. It’s not a pandemic, but vigilance, preparedness and public cooperation are imperative to curb its impact.