Daily Quiz-132

MCQs on refrigerant gases, environmental protocols and India’s compliance

TNS

Chandigarh, Updated At : 03:57 PM Jun 18, 2025 IST

Q1. Which of the following best explains why natural refrigerants like R-290 and R-600a are considered future-ready solutions despite their flammability risks?

A. They have higher cooling efficiency and are non-toxic.

B. They are completely safe and have no operational limitations.

C. They are zero ozone depletion potential, ultra-low global warming potential, and energy efficient.

D. They are easier to compress and require less maintenance.

Q2. Which one of the following refrigerants is a member of the HFO group and is specifically designed as a low-global warming potential substitute for R-134a in vehicle air conditioning systems?

A. R-1234yf

B. R-600a

C. R-22

D. R-410A

Q3. Consider the following pairs:

Protocol/Amendment Primary Target

1. Montreal Protocol Phasing out CO₂ emissions

2. Kigali Amendment Phasedown of HFCs

3. Kyoto Protocol Binding reduction of GHGs

4. Paris Agreement Voluntary climate pledges (NDCs)

Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

A. 2, 3 and 4 only

B. 1, 2 and 3 only

C. 1 and 4 only

D. All of the above

Q4. Which of the following correctly explains the environmental trade-off in using HFCs as substitutes for CFCs and HCFCs?

A. HFCs eliminate both ozone depletion and global warming issues.

B. HFCs reduce ozone depletion but contribute significantly to global warming.

C. HFCs reduce both ozone depletion and global warming compared to CFCs.

D. HFCs are natural refrigerants and hence, environmentally neutral.

Q5. In India, which of the following refrigerants is currently being used in room air conditioners as part of eco-friendly alternatives?

1. R-32

2. R-290

3. R-600a

4. R-410A

Select the correct answer using the code below:

A. 1 and 2 only

B. 2 and 3 only

C. 1, 2 and 3 only

D. All of the above

Answers Quiz 131 (June 17)

1. C. R-134a – Hydrofluorocarbon – Zero ODP, High GWP

Explanation:

• R-134a is an HFC with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) but a high global warming potential (GWP).

• R-12 is a CFC, not an HFC.

• R-22 is an HCFC with moderate ODP.

• R-1234yf is an HFO, not a hydrocarbon, and has very low GWP.

2. A. 1 only

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: HFOs (like R-1234yf) are synthetic refrigerants with very low GWP and zero ODP, making them eco-friendly.

• Statement 2 is incorrect: India has committed to the phasedown of HFCs but has not completed it yet; the process is ongoing under Kigali timelines.

• Statement 3 is incorrect: R-32 is an HFC, not an HCFC, and it replaced R-410A (not R-22 directly).

3. D. Kigali Amendment

Explanation:

• The Kigali Amendment (2016) to the Montreal Protocol specifically focuses on the phasedown of HFCs, which have high GWP.

• The Montreal Protocol originally targeted CFCs and HCFCs for their ozone-depleting properties.

• The Paris Agreement focuses broadly on GHG emissions but doesn’t have binding targets for refrigerants.

• The Vienna Convention (1985) set the stage for ozone protection but doesn’t impose binding limits.

4. A. 1-4-3-2

Explanation:

Approximate GWP values (relative to CO₂ = 1):

• R-290 (Propane) ≈ 3

• R-1234yf ≈ 1

• R-32 ≈ 675

• R-134a ≈ 1430

So the correct increasing order is:

R-290< R-1234yf < R-32 < R-134a

But based on the options, the closest correct increasing order is:

1 (Propane), 4 (1234yf), 3 (R-32), 2 (R-134a) → Option A

5. D. India has already banned the use of all HFCs.

Explanation:

• India has not banned all HFCs; it has only committed to a phasedown under the Kigali Amendment.

• The other three statements are factually correct.

Daily Quiz-132

Ravneet Kaur

TNS

Answers Quiz 131 (June 17)

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Daily Quiz-132

Ravneet Kaur

TNS

Answers Quiz 131 (June 17)

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