Info Nuggets

Face the facts: Melasma, causes & cures

Ravneet Kaur

TNS

Chandigarh, Updated At : 07:33 PM Jul 08, 2025 IST

Melasma. Types of chloasma faciei. Cross section of human skin with Hyperpigmentation. Dermal and Epidermal melasma.

Melasma

Definition:

Melasma is a common skin condition characterised by brown or gray-brown patches of pigmentation, primarily on the face. It is more common in women and people with darker skin tones.

Symptoms of Melasma: Irregular, flat, brown or gray-brown patches

Most commonly seen on: Cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, upper lip, chin

Less commonly seen on neck or forearms (especially with sun exposure)

Factors leading to Melasma

1. Hormonal changes

Pregnancy (known as chloasma or “mask of pregnanc”)
Birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy

2. Sun exposure: Ultraviolet (UV) rays trigger melanin production, worsening the condition

3. Genetic predisposition: Family history increases risk

4. Cosmetics & skin irritants: Some skin products can irritate and worsen pigmentation

5. Thyroid disorders: May be associated with hormonal imbalance

Treatment/cure

Melasma may fade over time, especially after pregnancy or stopping hormonal medications, but persistent cases require treatment.

Topical treatments

Hydroquinone (skin-lightening agent)
Tretinoin and corticosteroids
Triple combination creams (Hydroquinone + Tretinoin + Corticosteroids)

Other treatments

Chemical peels
Microdermabrasion
Laser therapy (used cautiously to avoid rebound pigmentation)

Precautions & preventive measures

Sun protection

Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) daily
Wear hats and sunglasses

Avoid triggers

Limit sun exposure
Avoid harsh skin treatments
Use gentle skincare products

Monitor hormonal medications: Consult dermatologist before using contraceptive pills or hormone therapy

Important points (for revision)

Melasma = Acquired hyperpigmentation

Triggered by sun, hormones, genetics

Common on face, especially cheeks and forehead

Treated with topicals, peels, lasers

Prevent with sunscreen, shade, avoiding irritants

Info Nuggets

Ravneet Kaur

TNS

Melasma

Important points (for revision)

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