Gaddi shepherds begin annual summer migration to upper hills

With the onset of the summer season, nomadic shepherds from the Gaddi community have begun their annual migration from the lower hills of Kangra to the higher-altitude pastures of Chamba, Lahaul-Spiti, Kinnaur, and upper Kangra districts. This age-old tradition, rooted in the pursuit of green pastures and seasonal climate patterns, continues even as the community faces mounting challenges.

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Every November, these shepherds descend from their native Bharmour region in Chamba district to the lower Kangra hills, returning to the highlands by April. The migration helps their flocks escape the extreme cold of upper hills in winter and the scorching heat of lower elevations in summer.

To avoid traffic and ensure the safety of their animals, the shepherds prefer traveling at night, using roads and highways when vehicle movement is minimal. Their journey spans hundreds of kilometres, often on foot, through plains and treacherous mountain passes, with their loyal gaddi dogs guarding their livestock from predators.

During winter, they move across districts like Kangra, Hamirpur, Una, Bilaspur, and Sirmaur in search of pasture. However, global warming has disrupted traditional migration routes, making their journey increasingly risky.

Veteran herders Chain Singh and Uttam Chand, while speaking with The Tribune, shared concerns over the declining number of shepherds and livestock. “The younger generation is no longer interested in this life. Shrinking grasslands, manpower shortages, and the difficulty in selling wool have made it an unsustainable livelihood,” said Singh.

Adding to their woes are issues like foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks, livestock thefts during migration, and bureaucratic hurdles in acquiring forest grazing permits. While the state government permits grazing in certain forest areas, herders allege harassment and bribe demands by some officials.

Despite the hardships, the shepherds remain committed to their flocks and traditions. But without support and reform, this centuries-old way of life risks fading into history.