Govt’s policy shift on plastic bags sparks row
The Himachal Pradesh Government’s recent decision to permit 80 GSM non-woven polypropylene (PP) carry bags while simultaneously banning compostable bags has sparked intense debate among environmentalists, industry leaders and policymakers.
The move, outlined in notification STE-F(4)-1/2019 on January 21, 2025, justifies the ban by claiming that compostable bags do not degrade at temperatures below 35° Celsius. However, environmental experts argue that this reasoning contradicts scientific evidence and established environmental policies.
Environmentalists, including Ashutosh Gupta, have strongly criticised the government’s rationale, stating that it violates the Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016. These rules define compostable plastics as materials that degrade into water, carbon dioxide and biomass under controlled composting conditions.
Gupta also highlighted that renowned institutions such as the Central Institute of Plastics Engineering & Technology (CIPET) and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) have certified that Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate (PBAT) and starch-based compostable plastics degrade effectively across varied environmental conditions. Furthermore, European nations — which experience much colder climates than Himachal Pradesh — have already transitioned to 100 per cent compostable materials, challenging the state government’s temperature-based justification.
The decision to allow non-woven PP bags is particularly contentious because these were previously banned under the Himachal Pradesh Non-Biodegradable Garbage (Control) Act, 1995, due to their environmental impact.
While non-woven PP bags are promoted as reusable, studies indicate that they can persist in the environment for hundreds of years if not properly disposed of. Additionally, low-quality PP bags below 20 GSM have flooded the market, exacerbating the state’s plastic waste problem.
In contrast, compostable alternatives can break down within six months to a year, making them significantly more environmentally sustainable. Environmentalists argue that replacing biodegradable materials with non-biodegradable plastic bags is a step backward in Himachal Pradesh’s commitment to sustainability and conservation.
The policy reversal has also had repercussions on Himachal Pradesh’s emerging green manufacturing sector. Over 15 start-ups had already invested in compostable bag manufacturing equipment, anticipating a policy-driven demand shift towards eco-friendly alternatives.
Moreover, the state has three Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)-certified compostable plastic manufacturing units, capable of supporting a local sustainable supply chain. The ban on compostable bags now threatens their viability, raising concerns about investment losses and a slowdown in green industrial growth.
Environmentalists allege that the Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Board had previously recommended banning non-woven PP bags and encouraging compostable alternatives. However, the latest policy shift appears to favor plastic manufacturers, despite growing evidence of long-term environmental damage.
Himachal Pradesh’s new policy is at odds with global sustainability efforts. Many European nations have already phased out non-woven PP bags, opting instead for 100% compostable packaging. Even within India, states like Sikkim and Kerala have successfully implemented compostable bag policies, proving their practicality and effectiveness.
Experts argue that rather than banning compostable bags, the state government should focus on raising public awareness about composting and waste management, developing industrial composting infrastructure and enforcing strict environmental regulations to ensure sustainable practices The latest policy shift puts Himachal Pradesh at a critical juncture: Will the state prioritize convenience and industry interests, or realign itself with global sustainability standards?
As public awareness grows and environmental activists mobilise, mounting pressure may push the government to reconsider its decision. The ultimate challenge lies in striking a balance between economic growth, waste management, and environmental responsibility.
With the world moving towards zero-plastic goals, Himachal Pradesh must decide: Will it lead the way in sustainability, or risk falling behind in the fight against plastic pollution?
