Seeds of change: Scientists discover sustainable way to grow potatoes
Every year, as winter approaches, North India faces a severe air pollution crisis due to stubble burning in Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Farmers in these states burn paddy residue after harvesting, considering it a necessary but environmentally harmful practice. This burning releases toxic pollutants, worsening air quality and contributing to respiratory diseases, particularly in urban areas like Delhi-NCR.
In contrast, Himachal Pradesh has demonstrated an innovative and sustainable solution to this problem. Scientists at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) in Dhaula Kuan, Sirmaur district, have successfully used paddy stubble to grow potatoes without plowing the field or using chemical fertilisers. This revolutionary farming technique not only prevents environmental damage but also reduces farming costs, making agriculture more sustainable and profitable.
The researchers experimented with the Kufri Neelkanth variety of potatoes, cultivating them under a thick layer of paddy stubble. Instead of plowing the field, they placed potato seeds directly on the moist soil left after paddy harvest and covered them with nearly nine inches of stubble.
To enhance soil fertility and promote plant immunity, they sprayed Ghanjeevamrit, a bio-fertiliser made from cow dung, cow urine, water, and legume flour. The stubble acted as a natural mulch, retaining moisture and significantly reducing the need for irrigation. Only three rounds of watering were required during the entire crop cycle, and in case of adequate rainfall, even those could be avoided. Within three months, the crop was ready for harvest.
This technique proved highly successful, yielding excellent results on half a hectare of land. The paddy stubble decomposed naturally in the field, enriching the soil with essential nutrients. Scientists observed that stubble from two hectares of paddy fields could be efficiently used to grow potatoes on one hectare of land. The experiment also demonstrated significant cost savings, as farmers no longer needed to spend on fuel for plowing, expensive fertilisers, or excessive irrigation.
Beyond its economic advantages, this technique has profound environmental benefits. Stubble burning contributes significantly to air pollution, releasing harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. By using paddy stubble for potato cultivation, this method helps curb pollution and improve air quality. Additionally, the organic approach enhances soil health, preventing degradation caused by chemical fertilizers. The method also aligns with climate-resilient agriculture by reducing dependency on irrigation and synthetic inputs.
The Kufri Neelkanth variety of potatoes grown using this method has notable health benefits. Dr Pankaj Mittal, Head Scientist at KVK Dhaula Kuan, highlights that these potatoes are rich in antioxidants, which help neutralise harmful free radicals in the body. Their consumption can boost immunity, reduce the risk of heart diseases and even provide protection against certain types of cancer. With a low glycemic index, these potatoes are also suitable for diabetics. Their light purple hue distinguishes them from regular white potatoes, and their superior storage capacity makes them an excellent choice for commercial farming.
Encouraged by these findings, researchers at Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University in Dhaula Kuan and the Walnut Agricultural Research Sub-Center in Una are expanding their studies to refine this farming method further. According to Dr Saurabh Sharma from the Walnut Research Center in Una, organic potato farming using paddy stubble has already achieved yields of 300 to 325 quintals per hectare.
With further improvements, this number is expected to rise. Though conventional methods using chemical fertilisers produce slightly higher yields of 375 to 400 quintals per hectare, the long-term environmental benefits of this organic approach far outweigh the marginal difference in production.
To promote large-scale adoption, the Himachal Pradesh government and agricultural universities are planning extensive awareness programs for farmers. These include training sessions, live demonstrations and exhibitions showcasing the benefits of potato cultivation using stubble. Financial and technical assistance will also be provided to encourage farmers to transition toward organic and sustainable farming methods.
Dr Naveen Kumar, Vice-Chancellor of Palampur Agricultural University, believes that this innovative farming model can be replicated in other states grappling with the challenges of stubble burning. If widely adopted, it has the potential to eliminate stubble burning across India, increase farmers’ income by reducing production costs, and promote environmentally sustainable agricultural practices.
Himachal Pradesh’s initiative is a testament to how scientific innovation and traditional farming wisdom can come together to solve pressing environmental and economic challenges. By successfully integrating agriculture with conservation efforts, the state has set a remarkable example for the rest of the country. With continued research, government support, and farmer participation, this technique could revolutionise Indian agriculture, ensuring food security, environmental sustainability and economic prosperity.
