Steel plant expansion at Kala Amb triggers pollution fears

The proposed expansion of a steel rolling mill at Kala Amb has sparked concerns among environmentalists due to the potential rise in air pollution levels. Already home to 8–10 steel manufacturing units, the town faces worsening air quality with more units planning expansion, largely driven by the booming real estate sector that depends heavily on steel.

Steel manufacturing releases several harmful pollutants, including PM2.5, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. These emissions pose significant health and environmental risks.

PM2.5 is especially dangerous as the fine particles can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular problems, and other serious health conditions. Carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, contributes to climate change. Sulfur dioxide irritates the respiratory tract and harms vegetation, while nitrogen oxides lead to smog and worsen breathing issues, especially among vulnerable populations. Carbon monoxide, a toxic gas, can also cause severe health problems.

Experts warn that these pollutants travel quickly with the wind, affecting not just nearby areas but also locations farther away from the source.

Worryingly, Kala Amb is already listed among the “non-attainment cities” by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), meaning its air quality consistently exceeds the safe limits. For the past four years, the town has been receiving funds under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) to implement pollution control measures.

Atul Parmar, Regional Officer of the State Pollution Control Board, confirmed Kala Amb’s status and said the allocated funds have been used for various mitigation efforts. These include improving road conditions to reduce dust and developing parks to promote cleaner air.

To tackle industrial emissions, steel furnaces are being encouraged to adopt air pollution control devices. These systems not only reduce harmful emissions but also generate zinc dust, which companies can sell for profit. This added incentive has motivated more manufacturers to install such systems.

While steps are being taken, the proposed industrial expansion calls for a careful reassessment to balance economic development with environmental protection and public health.