What causes gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants and children? Explain
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a common condition in infants and children, where the stomach contents flow back into the oesophagus. This causes heartburn, vomiting, and irritability, which can be very uncomfortable. Knowing the causes of GERD will help in managing the condition effectively and ensuring the child's well-being.
What Causes GERD in Infants and Children?
GERD in infants and children can be attributed to several factors, ranging from developmental immaturity to lifestyle influences. For infants, the primary cause is the underdeveloped lower oesophagal sphincter (LES), which is responsible for keeping stomach contents from flowing back into the oesophagus. As the LES matures over time, most infants outgrow GERD. However, for some, the condition persists due to additional contributing factors.
Diet habits, obesity, or some other medical conditions may cause GERD in older children. Alternatively, some medications such as dsr tablet may manage symptoms by reducing acidic content in the stomach for better digestion.
Causes of GERD
1. Poor development of LES
This valve has not fully developed in infants. It allows stomach acid to pass from the stomach to the esophagus. Most of the times, this situation is self-limiting and is resolved as the baby grows up.
2. Overfeeding or Incorrect Feeding Practices
Feeding a baby too much food at one time or placing them in the horizontal position while feeding can predispose to reflux. Larger quantities of food while eating or intake of trigger foods such as spicy and acidic food items tends to worsen GERD among older children.
3. Obesity
Extra weight increases pressure on the abdomen, which tends to force stomach contents back into the oesophagus. This is a major risk factor for GERD among older children.
4. Hiatal Hernia
A hiatal hernia occurs when a portion of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, making it easier for acid to reflux into the oesophagus. This condition is more common in children with GERD.
5. Food Intolerances
Certain foods, such as dairy or gluten, can trigger GERD symptoms in some children. Identifying and eliminating these foods from the diet can provide relief.
6. Medications
Some medications, such as pain relievers or antibiotics, can irritate the lining of your stomach and provoke GERD. A doctor should be consulted immediately in case symptoms of GERD appear after beginning a new medication.
Symptoms of GERD in Babies and Toddlers
For early diagnosis and treatment, it is essential to know the symptoms of GERD. These symptoms usually include;
- Vomiting or spitting frequently
- Irritability or crying while feeding; or sometimes, irritable or crying after feeding
- Rational refusal to feed or difficulty swallowing
- Poor weight gain or growth
- Persistent cough or wheezing
- Sleep disturbances caused by discomfort
Management of GERD in Infants and Children
1. Lifestyle and Diet Modification
In infants, the best way to minimise reflux episodes is to feed small amounts at more frequent intervals and ensure that the infant is always kept upright during and after feeding. In children older than six months, avoid food triggers and encourage good eating habits.
2. Medications
In cases where lifestyle alterations are not enough, medications such as dsr tablet may be prescribed in order to minimise the stomach acid and symptoms. Always refer to a pediatrician prior to any medication.
3. Surgery
In severe cases, surgery could be required to strengthen the LES and stop reflux. This is only considered when other treatments have failed.
How to Prevent GERD in Infants and Children
GERD prevention requires proper feeding techniques, leading to maintaining a good weight and ways of avoiding known causes. For babies, adequate burping while being fed, and a firm, raised surface on which he or she sleeps, helps in preventing reflux. Older children should be encouraged to have a balanced diet, coupled with regular physical activity, to help keep off bad weight and prevent GERD.
Wrapping Up
GERD is a controllable condition when its causes are understood and treated promptly. Whether lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, or medications, children can be relieved of this uncomfortable condition. Early intervention is necessary to prevent complications such as damage to the oesophagus or poor growth.
Medications like panrux dsr capsule may be necessary for some children to control their symptoms effectively. However, they should be used under medical supervision. By understanding the causes of GERD and taking proactive steps to address them, parents can ensure their child’s health and comfort.
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