Expert Warns: Floods’ after-effects pose serious health risks

Floods not only cause widespread destruction to homes, infrastructure and agricultural land but also pose severe health risks that are often overlooked in the immediate aftermath.

District Epidemiologist, Hoshiarpur, Dr Shailesh, elaborated on the increased risk of water-borne and vector-borne diseases during and after floods, while outlining essential precautions people must follow to stay safe.

Dr Shailesh explained that stagnant and contaminated water becomes the primary source of infections in flood-affected areas. He said, “Diseases like cholera, diarrhoea, typhoid, hepatitis-A and gastroenteritis are very common after floods. Additionally, mosquito breeding in stagnant water leads to a rise in cases of malaria, dengue and chikungunya.” He also pointed out that skin infections, snake bites and injuries from submerged or hidden objects are frequently reported during flood emergencies.

He particularly highlighted the vulnerability of those living in relief camps and temporary shelters, where overcrowding and lack of sanitation make the situation even more dangerous. “Safe drinking water is the first and most important requirement in such circumstances,” he said. “Water should be boiled, filtered, or treated with chlorine tablets before consumption. Maintaining hand hygiene with soap is equally crucial to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.”

On the issue of food safety, Dr Shailesh stressed that only freshly cooked food should be consumed. He warned that raw fruits and vegetables must be washed thoroughly with clean water and food should not be stored for long in unhygienic conditions, as that may lead to food poisoning.

Addressing concerns related to mosquito-borne diseases, he advised residents to use mosquito nets, coils, and repellents regularly, and to wear full-sleeved clothing, particularly during evening hours. Draining water from coolers, pots, tyres and any other water-holding containers is essential to prevent mosquito breeding and the subsequent spread of vector-borne illnesses.

On the risk of snake bites, which rises significantly during and after floods, Dr Shailesh cautioned that snakes often enter homes and shelters in search of dry and safe spaces. He advised against walking barefoot in floodwaters or tall grass and urged people to avoid sleeping on the floor. “Use cots and ensure mosquito nets are tucked in properly,” he said. When moving through waterlogged areas, he recommended carrying a stick to tap the ground, which can help scare away any hidden snakes.

In case of a snake bite, Dr Shailesh emphasised that the victim should be kept calm and rushed immediately to the nearest hospital. “Do not attempt to cut the wound or suck out the venom. Keep the affected limb still and at a lower level than the heart. Anti-snake venom is available at government hospitals and should be administered as soon as possible,” he informed.

Even after the floodwaters have receded, health threats continue. Dr Shailesh warned that mud and debris left behind carry harmful germs and people involved in clean-up should avoid direct contact with flood sludge. He advised the use of protective gear like gloves and boots. In case of cuts or wounds, tetanus vaccination should be ensured to prevent infections.

He urged the public to immediately report any outbreak of diarrhoea, fever, snake bites, or unusual illness to the nearest health centre to ensure that timely medical intervention can be provided. Dr Shailesh assured that health teams are on high alert and essential medicines are well-stocked across government facilities to handle any emergency that may arise.

“Floods test our patience and strength,” he concluded. “But with awareness, timely precautions and community cooperation, most health hazards can be prevented. Government efforts alone are not enough; public participation is equally critical in managing such crises.”