Smart biosensor developed for early detection of Huntington’s disease

In a significant advancement for genetic healthcare, researchers at Lovely Professional University (LPU) have developed and patented a smart biosensor technology capable of detecting Huntington's disease (HD) at a much earlier stage than current diagnostic methods.

This state-of-the-art innovation integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and Molecular Bio sensing, offering new hope to patients affected by the rare, degenerative brain disorder. Central to the invention is a handheld probe resembling a glucometer, scientifically engineered to detect the HTT gene- the genetic marker responsible for HD.

Using a specially designed genetic probe, the device identifies and quantifies abnormal Huntingtin protein levels in a single drop of blood. Fluorescent-based molecular binding generates an electrical response, which is transmitted via an IoT-enabled cloud network for real-time analysis.

The system is further enhanced by a Machine Learning algorithm that cross-verifies results by estimating polyglutamine levels- a secondary marker of the disease- providing a double-layered and highly accurate diagnosis. In contrast to traditional genetic testing, which is often invasive, slow and dependent on laboratory settings, this technology promises a painless, portable and rapid diagnostic alternative, potentially revolutionising personalised care for HD patients.

The breakthrough was achieved by students Kunwar Shahbaaz Singh Sahi and Allu Alekya from the School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, under the guidance of Professors Dr Neeta Raj Sharma and Dr Anu Bansal. It is a direct outcome of LPU's impact-driven research environment fostered under its EduRevolution initiative.

This milestone is expected to become a benchmark for next-generation diagnostic tools, encouraging global research groups to develop AI-enabled, point-of-care medical technologies that move innovation from the lab directly into the hands of clinicians and patients.

What is Huntington’s disease?

Huntington’s disease is a fatal, neurodegenerative disorder, primarily inherited, marked by psychiatric, cognitive and motor symptoms. The disease leads to the gradual decay of nerve cells in the brain, resulting in lack of coordination, unsteady gait and distinctive involuntary, dance-like body movements. Typically, symptoms manifest around the age of 40, though onset can occur as early as the 20s.