Diabetic eye disease — a silent threat to sight

A leading ophthalmologist, Dr Rhibhu Soni has sounded the alarm on the growing threat of diabetic eye disease. In an exclusive interview he shared insights on the risks, prevention and treatment of this condition.

Q:What is diabetic retinopathy and how does it affect the eyes?

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the eyes. It’s caused by high blood sugar levels damaging the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems. When the blood vessels in the retina are damaged, they can leak fluid, swell or even grow abnormal new vessels, leading to vision loss.

Q: Are there any symptoms in the early stages?

Unfortunately, the early stages of diabetic retinopathy often don’t cause noticeable symptoms. Patients may not experience any vision problems until the condition has progressed. That’s why regular eye exams are crucial for people with diabetes. We can detect changes in the retina before symptoms appear and take preventive measures.

Q: What are some other eye conditions associated with diabetes?

Besides diabetic retinopathy, people with diabetes are at increased risk of developing glaucoma, cataracts and diabetic macular edema.

Q: How can people with diabetes prevent or manage these eye conditions?

Maintaining stable blood sugar levels is the key. Keeping HbA1c levels below 7% can reduce the risk of developing diabetic eye disease. Regular exercise, controlling blood pressure and avoiding smoking are important.

Q: What treatment is available for diabetic eye disease?

Recent advances in medicine have brought new treatments. Laser therapy can help reduce swelling, prevent the formation of new abnormal vessels, decrease edema and prevent further damage. Anti-VEGF injections can block the growth of abnormal blood vessels and reduce leakage. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove blood or scar tissue. Surgery may also become necessary in cases with vitreous haemorrhage (blood in eye) or removal of tractions on the retina.

Q: Are there any new developments in treatment options?

Yes, there are new treatments that offer longer-term solutions, reducing the need for frequent injections. These treatments are showing promising results and may become more widely available soon.

Q: What message would you like to convey to people with diabetes regarding their eye health?

I would like to emphasize the importance of regular eye exams and maintaining good blood sugar control. Vision loss from diabetes is largely avoidable. By taking proactive steps, people with diabetes can protect their vision and reduce the risk of diabetic eye disease.