Ivory Tower: New PET scan molecule offers breakthrough in detecting Cushing’s syndrome
Asignificant advancement in medical imaging has been achieved by experts at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research. Researchers from endocrinology and nuclear medicine departments have introduced a new PET scan molecule that enhances the detection of adenoma/small tumour causing Cushing’s syndrome. This development promises to improve surgical interventions and patient outcomes.
A collaborative effort between Dr Rama Walia from the endocrinology department and Dr Jaya Shukla from nuclear medicine department has resulted in the development of GA-68 MDEsMO, a specialised PET scan molecule. This innovative compound is designed to pinpoint tumors in the pituitary gland, which are often responsible for the excessive cortisol production characteristic of Cushing’s syndrome.
By providing a more precise visualisation of these tumours, the new technique enables neurosurgeons to operate with greater accuracy, preserving the normal functions of the pituitary gland and enhancing patients’ quality of life.
Recognising its potential, this pioneering technology was honoured at the institution’s recent Research Day.
Affects entire body
Cushing’s syndrome is a complex endocrine disorder that occurs due to an overproduction of cortisol, a hormone that influences multiple physiological processes. When cortisol levels surge beyond normal, it disrupts the body’s balance, leading to widespread health complications. The primary cause of this condition is a minuscule tumor within the pituitary gland, making diagnosis particularly challenging.
Currently, only 60 to 70 per cent of patients receive an accurate diagnosis due to the minuscule size of these tumors — often measuring less than a millimeter. The introduction of GA-68 MDEsMO is expected to bridge this diagnostic gap by facilitating early detection, thus enabling timely surgical intervention.
Hormonal disruptions
The pituitary gland, often referred to as the “master gland”, plays a crucial role in regulating hormone production. However, when affected by a tumor, it triggers an excessive release of hormones, leading to systemic damage.
Typical symptoms include unexplained weight gain, obesity and noticeable changes in skin texture. Many patients develop distinctive pink or purplish stretch marks on the abdomen, thighs and arms. Women may experience excessive hair growth, while men could suffer from reduced fertility and erectile dysfunction. Additionally, skin thinning, severe acne and heightened susceptibility to bruising are common indicators of the disease.
Understanding cortisol
Cortisol, a steroid hormone, is essential for stress regulation and overall metabolic balance. Produced by the adrenal glands, it influences numerous bodily functions through interactions with cortisol receptors present in most cells. The secretion of cortisol is managed by a complex system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. Given its widespread presence, cortisol plays a vital role in multiple physiological processes, including immune response, metabolism, and blood pressure regulation.
However, any disruption in cortisol levels—whether an excess or deficiency—can lead to significant health challenges. This underscores the importance of precise diagnosis and timely treatment for disorders like Cushing’s syndrome. The introduction of GA-68 MDEsMO marks a crucial step in advancing medical science’s ability to manage and treat this condition effectively. —
